Improvement in weenohes



H. S. ROSS.

WRENCH.

9 Patented M21123, 1868.

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ROSS. OF NEW YORK CITY. Letters Patent No. 75,199, dominant e, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT in wnnncnss.

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"To ALL WHOMIT MAYCONCERN: v

v Be it known that I, Scnurnna Ross, of the citj of'Bnflalo, in the county of Erie, and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Wrench and I do hereby declare that-the following is a full, clear, and exact I description :ot' the same, reference being had to the annexed drawing, forming part of this -'specification,'in

which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention. I Figure 2 is a vertical-longitudinal section thereof, taken on the plane of the'line a a, fig. Figure 3 is a side elevation thereof, showing the jaws opened. I i I Figure 4 is amodification, showing a spring for opening the sliding jaw. l Figure 5 is another modification, showing another manner of constructing and arranging the slidingjijw.

My-invention consists in the combination, for the purpose of providing'a nut or pipe-wrench of an improved construction, of a cam, a.n outer jaw, and an inner jaw, the, latter 'arranged totravel. alonglthebar of the wrench, and operated bytheca'm in such manner as to cause the inner or sliding jaw to advance toward the outer jaw, to clamp the'article placed between the jaws, and the several parts being so constructed and arrangedthat the greater the force exerted on the handle to turn thewrench, the firmer becomes-the bite of the jaws,

A designates the outer jaw, B the sliding or inner jaw, fitted to t'ravel along the bar 0, D the cam for operating the inner jaw, and E the handle; These are the principal parts of the wrench, and'cau all be'made of malleable iron. The jaw A and bar 0 are shown as being cast in one piece The bar G is slotted"(see fig. 1) for its entire length, the two-sides embracing the handle E, or the-rear part of the' calm D, where they are pivoted thereto, Through this-slot inthe bar 'passes'the messed or shauk of the sliding jawflit being held in place by a head, a, as seen in fig. 1, Instead of making aslot entirely throughthe bai- G, as shown in fig. 1, I can make grooves in said harG, and give a correspoiuling"' 'sh zi.pe to the shank of the jaw B, \(see fig.

5,) and the said jaw would travel alongthe barO, as desired. In orderto' provide a-means for increasing the angle of the handle, should it be necessary, in order to get access 't'o somc nut or pipe to'be turned, l rovide a second aperture or hole, 6, in the handle, where the bar ca'n be' pivoted. A groove, 0', corresponding in curve to the uried end of the cam D, is made in said cam, and a pin or hook, I, on" the jaw B, 'is fitted to travel'th'erein. This is a simple meansI adopt for drawing back the jaw 13, it beidg obvious that this drawing back of the jaw B can be effected ,by simply turning the handle in a direction opposite to that in which it would be turned to unscrew the nut, as will becomeapparent by reference to figs, 1 and '3, the jaws being shown closed in the former figure, and open in the latter. As an equivalent for this pin and groove, I- have shown in fig. 4 a spiral spring, located between the jaws A and B, which would effect theysame'purpose It will be seen from the above descriptionthatthe end of the cam always bears against the sliding jaw, and that the more operation of the handle in the decessary direction to' turn the nut closes the jaws, and that the harder 'the handle is pushed to turn the nut the firmer becomes the bite of thejaws. Great strength ina wrench is obtained by such construction. I

A modification of-my wrench can be-construoted by: making the cam D a perfect eccentric,'turning on the pivot, and made of such diameter asto allow the same to pass under and back of the jaw B, when closed, so

that on continuing its motion backward through the slotted bar C, it will again cause the sliding, jaw B to recede down the slotted bar 0, and von reversing its motion the sliding jaw will be advanced toward the outer jaw andclamp the article placed between them, as in the former case, thus producing a wrench that will turn a nut 'or other object in either direction, without turning the wrench over or changing its position.-

A further modification may be made by making the slot of the bar C at right angles with its shown position, and so placing the pivot'thah. the handle E and cam D will move or vibrate sidewise, or at right angles with the movement shown in 3, thus allowing the ends of the jaws'to be used to clamp an article placed between them.

I am aware that a patent hasbeen granted to Alfred Sewer and Martin iPaync, May 12,1863, for a machine for punching railroad-rails, in which a punch is operated by a .cam and slot or groove; thisl do not claim, but

'What'I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, i si 1. A wrench composed of a stationary jaw, A, a movable jaw, B, cam D, and handle E, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose specifiedf '2. A wrench having its movable jaw B operated by a can], D, pink, and groove Q, or their equivalents,

substantially as herein specified. H, SGHUYLER ROSS.

- Witnesses:

M. M. Lrvmcsron, Jonn R. Cocrnn'. 

